To express our thoughts and feelings we use different kinds of sentences, for example:
1. I am a teacher.
2. Neelesh is a good boy.
In the above examples each word is arranged in a proper order. Which makes a complete sense. Such group of words is called a sentence.
Definition: a group of word which arrange in a proper order and make a complete sense is called a sentence.
Kinds of Sentence
1. Assertive sentence
2. Interrogative sentence
3. Imperative sentence
4. Exclamatory sentence
5. Optative sentence
1.Assertive or Declarative Sentences : Sentences that described a fact, an occurrence, an event, a condition, etc, in a positive or negative manner are called assertive or declarative sentence.
This types of sentence is also called a statement.
An assertive or declarative sentence conveys a positive or negative meaning. Thus, it is of two kinds :
(1) Affirmative or Positive Sentence : An affirmative sentence conveys positive ideas or thoughts, that is to say, it affirms some action or fact; for example:
1. I hope to reach the station on time.
2. It is Monday today,
3. The soldier rushed to save the girl.
4. The patient has recovered to a great extent.
(ii) Negative Sentence : A negative sentence is used to negate a statement, fact, condition or action. Generally, no, not, never, etc., are used in these types of sentences; for example:
1. This is not fair.
2. We do not intend to go there.
3. He never comes in time.
4. One cannot do everything by oneself.
2. Interrogative Sentences : Sentences that are used to ask some question or make some query are called interrogative sentences,
We can classify interrogative sentences into two broad categories :
(i) Yes/No Type Questions: When it suffices to answer a question satisfactorily in only yes/no, it is termed as yes/no type question, for example:
1. Did he sleep at 9 O'clock ?
(a) Yes, he did.
(b) No, he didn't.
2. Will you do as I say?
(a) Yes, I'II.
(b) No, I won't.
This kind of questions begin with auxiliary verbs and use of questions words, such as what, when, where, why, etc., is dispensed with.
(ii) Question Word Type Questions: When it does not suffice to answer a question in mere Yes or No, and some other facts are required to answer the question satisfactorily, it is termed as question word type question. Such questions begin with a question word, such as, what, when, where, how, why, etc., for example:
1. Why did you buy a Santro?
Because I like it.
2. Why did you sleep at 9 O'Clock ?
Because I was tired.
3. Imperative Sentences : Sentences that express orders, commands, requests, entreaties, advice, proposals or suggestions are called imperative sentences; for example:
1. Serve your country.
2. Let us go for a picnic.
3. Don't run on the road.
4. Never abuse others.
4. Exclamatory Sentences : Sentences that are used to express some sudden feelings or emotions are called exclamatory sentences, for example:
1. Hurrah ! We have passed.
2. Bravo ! What a six.
3. How beautiful the scenery is !
4. Oh !I got hurt.
5. Optative Sentences : Sentences that are used to express wish, prayer, boon or curse are called
optative sentences, for example:
1. May God lead you to success!
2. May you be damned !
3. May God help you !
Parts of Sentence
Each complete sentence contains two parts : Subject and Predicate.
1. Subject: The part of the sentence about which something is said in the sentence is (Known as) its subject. The subject may have only one word or group of words. It can be any person, place, things or animals. it can be noun or pronoun and it can be singular and plural.
Read the following sentences and understand the coloured part of sentences:
1. This shop opens at 9 o'clock.
2. Rekha and Neha read in this school.
3. They have three grown-up sons.
4. The tops of mountains were covered with snow.
5. The Taj Mahal in Agra is situated on the bank of river Yamuna.
2. Predicate: The part of a sentence that describes the subject is called the predicate; for example:
Rohit is excited to see a movie.
| Subject | Predicate |
|---|---|
| 1. Juhi | sings on the stage. |
| 2. They | went to school. |
| 3. Lions | roar in the forest. |
| 4. Stars | shine in the sky at night. |
| 5. The teacher of Hindi | teaches whole heartedly. |
| 6. The boy in the room | is my brother. |
The subject of a sentence usually precedes the predicate, but in some cases it can be used in the middle or at the end of the sentence; for example
1. There lived a dog in a kennel.
2. Here comes Sachin.
In imperative sentences, the subject you is generally left out and is understood; for example:
1. Respect your elders.
2. March forward, soldiers